The Original Custodians: Awabakal People
The land surrounding Lake Macquarie has been home to the Awabakal people for over 8,000 years. The lake, known to the Awabakal as Awaba, was not just a geographical feature but a vital part of their cultural and spiritual life. The Awabakal people utilized the abundant resources from the lake and surrounding bushland, fishing, hunting, and gathering food from the region’s diverse ecosystem.
Pulbah Island is important to the Awabakal People because of two mythological stories, one being of Naruta-Ka-Wa, the Great Sky Lizard of Pulbah Island. There are two small midden sites on Pulbah Island and archaeological evidence suggests that the midden sites pre-date European arrival in the area.
European Discovery and Settlement
Lake Macquarie’s European history began in 1800, when Captain William Reid, while searching for the Hunter River, stumbled upon the lake. Mistaking it for his intended destination, Reid’s discovery marked the beginning of European exploration in the area. However, it wasn’t until 1826 that the lake received its current name, in honor of Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who played a key role in the development of the colony of New South Wales.
As settlers arrived, the Awabakal people were pushed off their land, a devastating disruption to their way of life. European settlement brought about new industries that would shape the future of the region.
Early Industry: Coal and Timber
The natural resources of the Lake Macquarie region quickly attracted industry. By the mid-19th century, coal mining had become the region’s dominant economic force. With Newcastle’s deep-water port nearby, coal from Lake Macquarie was shipped to various parts of the world, fueling the industrial revolution and supporting the growth of NSW. Mining towns like Catherine Hill Bay, Wangi Wangi, and Swansea sprung up to accommodate the growing workforce.
The timber industry also flourished. Logging in the forests around the lake provided materials for the building boom in nearby Newcastle and Sydney, further contributing to the region’s economic development.
The Birth of Tourism and Leisure
By the late 19th century, Lake Macquarie’s stunning natural beauty began attracting visitors looking for an escape from the city. With its calm waters, perfect for boating and fishing, and its picturesque bushland, the lake quickly became a popular destination for day-trippers and holidaymakers. Guesthouses and cottages dotted the shoreline, offering a peaceful retreat for visitors.
In the early 20th century, the completion of the Sydney-to-Newcastle rail line made the area even more accessible, and tourism flourished. Towns like Belmont, Toronto, and Swansea developed as hubs for leisure activities, a trend that continues to this day.
The Modern Era: Growth and Sustainability
Today, Lake Macquarie is a thriving region that blends natural beauty with modern amenities. The area has grown significantly, with an emphasis on sustainable development and protecting the environment. With the decline of coal mining, local communities have shifted towards tourism, recreation, and the promotion of eco-friendly practices.
The lake is now a centre for water sports, fishing, and outdoor recreation, as well as high adrenaline sports such as sky diving. Local museums, historic sites, and walking trails provide residents and visitors with opportunities to connect with the region’s past and natural beauty.